Language
Individual Language
Survey:
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How many languages do you speak? |
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What different languages are spoken by
class members? |
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Dialects
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What differentiates a dialect from a language? |
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Language = system of communication
through speech |
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Dialect = a regional variation of a
language (vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation) |
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What various dialects do we find in the
U.S.? |
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Video: American Dialects
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FSU Library: PE1702.A6 1987 |
"The geographic
processes underlying the..."
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The geographic processes underlying the
development of distinctive dialects are the same as with the development of
individual languages. |
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Migration |
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Spatial interaction |
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Geographic Isolation |
Languages
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Literary Tradition |
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Many spoken languages lack a written
tradition – difficult to track |
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Official Language |
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What is the “Official Language” of the
US? |
ENGLISH
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Why do we speak English in the US? |
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Nearly 500,000,000 speakers (1/2
billion) |
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# 2: behind Mandarin |
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Mandarin = clustered (China) / English
= more diffuse (42 countries) |
British English vs. American
English?
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“Are you looking for some craic?” |
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Jumper |
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Chips |
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Crisps |
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Fag |
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Queue |
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Flats |
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Lift |
LANGUAGE DIFFUSION
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We can use ENGLISH as a case study to
demonstrate the process by which any language is spread around the world. |
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England as the hearth of English? |
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Video: The Story of
English
Slide 11
How is English related to
other languages?
Slide 13
Language Family
Distribution
Indo-European Languages
Indo-European
Languages
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Germanic |
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West Germanic |
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High Germanic (German) |
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Low Germanic (English, Dutch, Flemish,
Afrikaans) |
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North Germanic |
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(Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic) |
Indo-European Languages
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Romance |
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“Romans’ Language” (Same branch) |
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Spanish, Portuguese, French, Italian,
Romanian |
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Indo-European Languages
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Celtic |
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Goidelic (Gaelic) |
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Irish Gaelic, Scottish Gaelic |
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Brythonic (Britannic) |
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Welsh, Cornish, Breton |
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BGL Assignment
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The Languages of Europe (p. 93 – 96) |
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No questions to answer |
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Map ONLY! |
Languages in South
America
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“Europe in South America” through
language? |
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Portuguese? |
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Spanish? |
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Other languages? |
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Guyana? |
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French Guyana? |
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Suriname? |
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Native languages? |
Languages in Africa
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“Europe in Africa” through language: |
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French pattern of exploration? |
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British pattern? |
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Portuguese pattern? |
Languages in Nigeria
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Language conflict / National Unity |
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Official Language = |
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ENGLISH (2%) |
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Lagos / Abuja |
Languages in South Asia
Language Issues
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Exploring the potential for language
conflict…. |
Global Dominance of
English?
Globalization and
Language
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Global Dominance of English /
reactions? |
Endangering local
languages?
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Extinct languages = no longer spoken /
read in daily communication |
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Cornish (1777): Dolly Pentreath “I will
not speak English – you ugly, black toad!” |
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Revival of Celtic languages |
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Slide 28
Slide 29
Concentrated Languages
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Isolated Languages = limited geographic
diffusion, unique due to geographic isolation |
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Basque (Pyrenees): |
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(“Remnant” language) |
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Icelandic |
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(“unchanging”) |
Languages in Belgium
Languages in Switzerland
Slide 33
Slide 34
To what extent will
people go to “protect” their language?