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Who Am I?
Each section
contains information
about an important person in psychology. Can you guess who it
is?
Click on the answer to find out if you are correct.
#1: I was born
in 1773 in Montrose, Scotland.
I intended to become a minister and was for awhile, until I became
quite
irritated and very discouraged. No one seemed to understand my sermons!
That’s
why I left the Church and took up writing. I wrote about many topics
and
published throughout my life. Analysis of
the Phenomena of the Human Mind was my most important contribution
to
Psychology and I published this in 1829. I strongly believed that the
mind is a
machine! Therefore, humans had no free will, could not act
spontaneously, and
basically were just a passive being, which relied on external forces to
act
upon us. I agreed with John Locke that the mind was like a blank slate
at
birth. That’s why when my son was born I became determined to make him
very intelligent
at a very young age. My offspring was very successful and owed so much
to me! I
died at the age of 63 in the year of 1836, but my cause of death has
been
unspecified. Who am I?
#2:
I was born September 14th,
1849 and died
on February 27, 1936.
I am a Russian physiologist who worked
in animal psychology. I also formed the conditioned reflex. In 1906 I
had a
lecture printed in the journal of science. I used a method called
classical
conditioning to train dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. Who
am I?
#3: I graduated
from Howard University and then
applied to Cornell University to receive
my Ph.D. I was denied from Cornell University because I am
an African American. As a result I
received my degree from Columbia University. In 1934 I
organized a protest against segregation. I
conducted research on racial identity and self concept issues with
African
American children. My research was cited in the 1954 U.S Supreme
Court’s
landmark decision to segregate public schools. In 1971 I served as the
APA’s
first African American president. Who am I?
#4:
I was born on February 16th,
1822 in England.
I never received a degree in Psychology, but I pursued a degree in
mathematics.
I was the first to use questionnariers, the debate of nature and
nurture, word
association test, and the twin studies. I am credited in meteorology
and law
enforcement. I discovered finger printing and further researched the
effectiveness of prayer and the comparison of species. I am a cousin of
Charles
Darwin’s. I wrote the English Men of
Science: Their Nature and Nurture. I also developed the
correlation known
as Pearsons “r.” Who am I?
#5: I was born
in 1856. I was the favorite child of my mother. I graduated summa cum
laudae from secondary school and was already
able to speak several languages. I then begin my studies at Vienna
University.
Ispent
a short time as a resident in neurology in a children’s ward in Berlin
where I was also the director. I then returned to Vienna
and with my partner Breuer set up a neuropsychiatry practice. I am said
to make
the idea of the conscious mind versus the unconscious mind famous, I
also said
that the unconscious is the source of our motivations. I also made
famous the
idea of the id, ego and superego. I also developed a set of
developmental
stages that were primarily sexually oriented. To the phallic stage I
related a
problem known as the Oedipal crisis. I am perhaps most known for
psychoanalysis. I also moved to England
before WWII where not long after I died
of mouth cancer. Who Am I?
#6: I was born
in 1806 in London, England.
My father was Who Am I Answer to #1 above, and he was a very rigorous
tutor each and every day. For
up to five hours each day, I was learning a variety of information. He
tutored
me in language, mathematics, history, and political economy. By the age
of
three I was able to read Plato, in original Greek. My early scholastic
advancement continued throughout my life. Sadly, by the time I was 21,
I was
suffering from major depression. It took me awhile to recover because I
felt
like a ‘logical machine’ instead of a human. About four years after my
breakdown, I fell in love with Harriet Taylor. The only problem was the
fact
that she was married and at this time there were no laws that would
allow women
to file for divorce. For twenty years, I yearned to be with her and she
with
me. Finally, after the husband died we were able to wed. I was overly
happy for
the seven years we were together before she passed. I longed for her
until my
death. Although I was heartbroken over her death, I published The Subjection of Women. This
publication voiced some of my opinions about the ridiculous situations
women
have had to face, particularly with marriage, financial, and property
rights. I
also contributed to the new field of psychology. I disagreed with my
father
about human minds being a machine. Rather, I felt the mind is active in
its
association of ideas. I also introduced the idea that came to be known
as
creative synthesis. Although my childhood was rough and I was desperate
for two
decades to be with the woman I loved, I still was quite successful in
my
contributions to the future. Who Am I?
#7: I was born on August
2nd, 1893
in Garrison, NY. I had 5 siblings and my father who was
a very
famous psychologist and professor at Columbia University insisted that we be home schooled
through high school. I was not able
to learn as quickly as my siblings because I suffered from dyslexia.
When I
expressed an interest in attending college my father was not supportive
because
of my learning disability, he did not think that I was bright enough to
attend
college. Despite my fathers lack of emotional and financial support I
got a job
as a research assistant to pay my tuition while I attended the Sargent
School
of Physical Education. After that I went on to graduate school at Cornell University and received my M.A in 1925 in addition
to that I attended Harvard University and received my Master of Education
degree followed by a Doctorate in
Education in 1927. Between 1936 and 1938 I was an instructor in mental
testing
for a nursery training school in Boston. My experience at the Harvard University and the knowledge that I gained the
mental testing of infants and
young children gave me the basis for my book The Measurement of
Intelligence
of Infants and Young Children written in 1940. It also enabled me
to
develop The Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale. I worked at the
Lancaster
Guidance Clinic from 1939 until I retired in 1963. In 1987 I had a
stroke that
made it impossible for me to continue living independently in my home.
I died
in April 1989 in Lititz, PA at the Moravian Manor home for the aged.
Who
Am I?
#8: I am the
father of criminology. I am the founder
of the Positivist School of Criminology. I
came up with the concept of atavism which is the
view that criminals
are devolved versions of “normal” humans. Criminals have strong
physical
characteristics of prehistoric ancestors (i.e. large lips and drooping
foreheads). I also had the idea that there are three major forms of
criminals: criminals,
criminaloids, and insane criminals. There are also habitual criminals
and
political criminals. I focused on
scientific methodology for the identification of criminals and criminal
behavior. I believed that women had the same intelligence level as
children and
this was the cause of their criminal behavior. One of my biggest
critics was a
man named Gabrielle Tarde. He challenged my views of atavism. Tarde
challenged
the measurements of my research and discarded my views on the physical
appearances of criminals compared to non-criminals. Tarde also
introduced
societal problems as a cause of deviance. I spent years changing my
views on
criminology and in my later years I came to understand the importance
of
societal issues as a cause of criminal behavior. Who
Am I?
#9: I
was born 460 BC and I am from ancient Greece. I am the
father of medicine and I created the
foundation of medicine as a science. I believed that diseases came from
natural
causes. I was a strong believer in observation. I taught my students to
observe
the behavior of their patience to understand the illness and so that
they can
create an appropriate treatment for the disease. I have an oath named
after me
which cannot actually be accredited to me but it represents my
principles. The
oath sets the standards for the ethical conduct of physicians and
doctors to
this day. It was the first to come up with patient
confidentiality. Who
Am I?
#10: My question
to everyone out there is, are there
any real differences between primary and secondary qualities? Ok well to get things started, I going to
have to disagree with Locke, everything is secondary quality, not
primary. I come up with the concept of
mentalism,
which means that the knowledge we have gained has been from personal
perceiving. I also believe that we can
never know the precise physical nature of objects because we experience
it
within ourselves. Two of
philosophical works were later an influence
oh psychology. I also served as a
bishop, which means that God is the permanent perceiver of everything. Last but not least, a university in California was named
after me. Who
Am I?
#11: As we all
know I was a very important person in
my time. When I found out I was dying, I
knew that my death would be an irreparable loss to the world. Despite my financial and emotional problems,
I’m a very brilliant man, but sometimes I would get these periods of
dementia
and I would act like an animal. I swear
I support woman all the way, but maybe marriage wasn’t one of my best
idea. However, one of my great ideas was
Positivism, which focused on the study of objects that can only be
observed. It just so happened that
positivism was a zeitgeist in Europe in the late
1800’s. I also came up with the brilliant
idea of
materialism, which focused on
the physical properties of the brain. If
you don’t know who I am by now, you should. Who
Am I?
#12: I was born into a wealthy family. I had
many interest, including mathematics,
physiology, physics, and philosophy. I
was rather late to rise due to my poor health, although that wouldn’t
stop me
from swordsmanship, dancing, and gambling. I
tried to figure out the mind-body problem, came up
with the reflex
action theory, and derived and innate ideas. My
respect for royalty and their demands eventually
would cost me my
life, and I would lose my mind after death. If
you would find it, please point it out to me,
because it is
impossible for me to do so. Who
Am I?
#13: I was born on
May 25th,
1860 in Easton, P.A. I had
5 children and one of them went on to
become an influential person in psychology. I graduated from Lafayette College in Easton in 1880.
After that I went to Germany and studied
with Rudolf Hermann Lotze at the University of Gottingen and with
psychologist Wilhelm Wundt at the University of Leipzig. I studied
at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD from
1882-1883. In 1886 I received my Ph. D. from Leipzig. In 1888 I
received a professorship in psychology,
which was the first one ever offered at the University of Pennsylvania
and this
was where I established a laboratory and developed a series of mental
measurement tests for college students. In 1891 I became professor and
administrative head of psychology at Columbia University. In 1894 I
confounded the Psychological Review
and acquired the weekly journal Science that I edited from
1894-1944. I
was also president of the American Psychological Association of
University
Professors. In 1917 I was dismissed from Columbia University for publicly
criticizing the World War 1 draft. In
1921 I founded the Psychological Corporation for the purpose of making
research
in applied psychology available to industry business. I died on January 20th,
1944. Who
Am I?
#14: I was born
in Baden, Germany
on August 16, 1832.
I came
from a very academic lineage, with my ancestors making contributions in
almost
every field. My grades early on were poor, which upset my father. I
pursued my
university studies in the field of medicine at Tübingen, Heidelberg,
and Berlin; however, I
was more
interested in the scientific aspect than the medical aspect of my
studies. I
decided that I did not like medicine so I changed my major to
physiology. In
1864, I was appointed assistant professor at Heidelberg,
where I started a course called physiological psychology – the first
course of
its kind in the world. I constantly published, but my masterpiece was The Principles of Physiological Psychology, published
in 1873 and 1874. In this publication I founded the new field of
psychology as
a laboratory science. I carefully outlined what psychology was to study
and the
methods that were to be used to conduct research in the field. I became
a
professor of philosophy at the University
of Leipzig in 1875 and
continued to
work there for 45 years. It is here that I founded the first lab of
psychology
and founded psychology’s first journal, Psychological
Studies. My school of thought focused on studying conscious
experience that
can be studied by reducing it down to its elementary components. I
advocated
the use of introspection, or the examination of one’s own mental state,
to
study conscious experience. In my opinion, psychological research
should be
centered on studying immediate experience rather than mediate
experience. I was
a well liked professor and many students flocked to me to learn my
methods of
psychology. I died in 1920. Who
Am I?
#15: I was born in Wittenberg, Germany
in 1795. I
received my doctorate from the University
of Leipzig in 1815, and I
went on
to teach physiology and anatomy there until my retirement. I was
extremely
interested in doing research with the senses, and I applied my intrigue
for the
senses to my work with psychology. In doing my work in physiology, I
was always
very careful to use experimental methods, and I used the same methods
to
conduct research in psychology. One of my important contributions to
psychology
was the discovery of the two-point threshold; this is the distance that
two
separate points must be apart in order to be identified by a person as
two
separate points. My most important contribution to psychology was my
development of psychology’s first quantitative law, just noticeable
difference
(JND). Just noticeable difference is the smallest difference in weights
that
can be detected (any object). My research solidified the need for
scientific
research in the new field of psychology. I died in 1878. Who
Am I?
#16: I was born on April 21, on Good
Friday in 1848 in Bavaria,
Germany.
As a result of my being born into a medical family, I was exposed to
science
very early on; however, I did not initially take a liking to science
and was
more interested in music. I did not become interested in science until
I
attended the University of Würzburg,
where I
became exposed to Brentano’s work. Although I began working with
psychology, I
never lost my interest in music and I published a work entitled Psychology
of the Tone. After I began doing work with the new field of
psychology, I
was awarded an appointment at the University
of Berlin, the most
prestigious
professorship in German Psychology. I am considered Wilhelm Wundt’s
biggest
adversary, as I trained two of the founders of Gestalt
psychology,Wolfgang
Köhler and Kurt Koffka. Gestalt psychology is the school of
thought that
opposed Wundt’s views. I was not in agreement with Wundt’s view of
introspection and instead used the method of phenomenology, which
does
not attempt to reduce experience down into elements, but rather focuses
on
unbiased immediate experience just as it occurs. Additionally, I
founded the
Berlin Association for Child Psychology. I died in 1936. Who
Am I?
#17: I was born
in Baden, Germany
on March 9, 1758 to
Roman
Catholic merchant parents. I was the
sixth of ten children. Although my Uncle
was a priest, who had intended on teaching me about the priesthood, my
intentions were to study medicine. I
studied medicine in Vienna,
and
focused on brain mapping. My three main
passions in life were “science, gardening, and women.”
I married in 1790 to Miss Leisler, and
although we were married I had many mistresses (which lead to an
unpleasant
marriage). After my wife died, I married
for a second time in 1825 to Marie Anne Barbe. As
a
physician, I was interested in mental illness; therefore, I dissected
the
brains of deceased animals and humans.
My most important professional accomplishment was my
work that confirmed
the existence of both white and gray matter in the brain, the nerve
fibers
connecting each side of the brain to the opposite side of the spinal
cord, and
the fibers connecting both halves of the brain.
After my research in brain mapping, I looked for
answers concerning
intelligent behavior with the size and shape of the brain.
I called this, Cranioscopy (later called
Phrenology). Because of this movement, I
was labeled a fraud, and was no longer respected by my
colleagues. My impact
on the field of Psychology was that I offered revolutionary concepts on
brain
localization. I later died in Paris on
August 22, 1828 of a fatal stroke. Who
Am I?
#18: I was born in
1711. I studied law in Scotland but did not
graduate, then I tried business and
decided I didn’t like that either. Next I studied philosophy and moved
to England to become
famous as a writer. One of my major
contributions to psychology was when I wrote A Treatise of
Human Nature (1739). I supported John Locke’s
concept of simple ideas combine to make
complex ideas. I questioned Berkley’s idea of
permanent perceiver, and suggested that we
have no way of known what exists outside our minds. I also contributed
two laws
of association: Resemblance and Contiguity. The laws meant that ideas
that are
similar and contiguous are more likely to be associated. Who
Am I?
#19:
I was born in
1890. I studied at John Hopkins,
and was a student of Watson. Although I accepted Watson’s theories, I
also
decided to come up with my own ideas in behavioral psychology. I firmly
believe
in the mechanistic concept of psychology, even as a boy mechanic toys
intrigued
me and I notice that people have a lot in common with machines. Two principles I created were: Law of mass
association and Equipotentiality. When researching sensory and motor
centers in
the brain I ended up questioning Watson’s concept of simple point to
point
connections in reflexes. My findings were hard for Watson to accept
because it
showed the brain had a very significant role in learning. My work in
psychology
reinforced the importance of objective methods in psychological
research. Who
Am I?
#20: I am an
English biologist who lived in the 1800’s. My father and my grandfather
were doctors,
so I was expected to study medicine, although I hated it. I was always
interested in natural history. My love for natural history grew on my 5
year
voyage to South
America
on the HMS Beagle. I was fascinated by the species origin and their
change
throughout their generations. Although I came back from my voyage in
1836, I
did not publish my first book On the Origin of Species was
published until
1859 when I was 50 years old. I published my book because I had been
putting
years into my work, but somebody else had come up with the same thing.
I waited
that long because I wanted to extend my knowledge and write a longer,
more in
depth book. I moved to the outskirts of London, from which I never moved, due
to my poor health. I died in April of 1882, not before having come up
with the
great theories of Evolution and Natural Selection. A lot of people were
against
my theories because they thought they were trying to disprove religious
beliefs. Who
Am I?
#21: I was very multifaceted in my days: I was a physician,
naturalist, artist, psychologist, philosopher, religious thinker,
psychic
reader, drug experimenter, writer, lecturer and professor. I really did
not
feel that much of a passion for any of the things that I did, although
I was a
very influential man. In 1902 I published a book called “The Varieties
of
Religious Experience” since I was always trying to find spiritual
meaning in my
life. My father wanted my siblings and me to have a great education, so
he sent
us to Europe, where I became familiar with a
few
languages and cultures. I traveled to the Amazon, but had to come home
because
I got sick. After some time, I did not like psychology very much, but I
made a
huge contribution by inspiring the movement of functionalism & writing The Principles of Psychology. Who
Am I?
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